KURON It is the process of reducing and covering teeth that are decayed, broken or have excessive loss of material for another reason.

BRIDGE: In the absence of one or more teeth, it is the process of filling the gaps by reducing the neighboring teeth and getting support from special coatings. When tooth loss occurs for any reason, the neighboring teeth begin to move towards this gap. As a result, gingival problems in the adjacent teeth, bone loss due to tipping into this gap, deterioration in aesthetics and changes in chewing forces occur. If this gap is not restored with an implant or bridge for a long time, these neighboring teeth may also be lost. Crowns and bridges, which until the last 15 years were the most commonly used methods for the completion of missing teeth and restoration of teeth with excessive material loss, are now the last treatment options to be considered as much as possible. There is a possibility of teeth causing problems and today, more protective and aesthetic options such as implants and inlay-onlay fillings, lamina, etc., which should be considered before this option, come to the fore. These are applications that are no longer used except for previously cut teeth.

METAL SUPPORTED CROWNS AND BRIDGES
Standard metals or precious metal alloys can be used as substrates. Gold is one of the most precious materials compatible with teeth and gums among the materials used in dentistry. Therefore, healthier and more aesthetic results are obtained with applications using precious metals. During the preparation of the teeth, it is ideal that they are placed on a step (epolman) that surrounds the tooth. Thus, minimum edge clearance and the possibility of gingival problems are ensured. Metal-supported crowns and bridges are protective and durable treatments when applied with precision.

FULL PORCELAIN CROWNS WITHOUT METAL SUPPORT
They are made of reinforced porcelain. Many things affect the appearance of crowns, but the most important is their reaction to light. Natural teeth transmit light. As a result, depth and vibrancy appear in the tooth. Porcelain crowns without metal support (full porcelain) have more depth and vitality due to their light transmission properties. Thus, the closest results to natural teeth are obtained.

ADVANTAGES OF FULL PORCELAIN CROWNS

Since full porcelains transmit light, they create an aesthetic very similar to the natural tooth structure, while metal-porcelains, even if very well made, have a dullness and artificiality. For this reason, full porcelains should be preferred especially for the front teeth.
In some lights (disco, camera flash, etc.), metal-supported porcelains give the appearance of a dark cavity as if they were not in the mouth. Full porcelains, on the other hand, transmit all kinds of light like natural teeth.
Metal-supported porcelains are mechanically bonded to the tooth. Full porcelains are mechanically and chemically attached to the tooth. Therefore, their retention is much higher than metal-backed ones, and the tooth is less likely to decay under the veneer.
Since there is no metal in the substructure, there is no dark line in the crown-gum line. Especially in a few years after the metal porcelains are made, even a very slight recession that may occur in the gum within a few years after the metal porcelains are made, this unpleasant image at the gingival border may appear.
When the gum recedes, full porcelains maintain their aesthetic appearance, while metal porcelains create a bad image in the area where they merge with the tooth.

Veneers with metal substructure used for many years can also create a tattoo-like staining on the gums.
The risk of allergy to some metals used in the substructure (nickel, etc.) is not present in full porcelains.
Metal-backed veneers were used for many years because they were the only ones in terms of durability. However, nowadays, they have lost their priority in terms of durability as durable and aesthetic substructures are produced as durable as metal substructures. However, they can still be used to take advantage of the price advantage, especially in areas that do not affect the 1st degree aesthetics.
Zirconium is only one of the materials called full porcelain without metal substructure. It is more durable than the others and is protected against fractures by a feature in the material’s own structure. It is one of the materials that dentistry has made progress in recent years and is still being developed. Although it is a very durable material, its aesthetic properties are insufficient compared to some previously produced materials. For this reason, it should be noted that zirconium veneers, which have become the popular name of having aesthetic veneers, can often be aesthetically insufficient. In cases where there are many missing teeth, it becomes a necessity to use this material, but more aesthetic and natural-looking materials are available for people with all their teeth in their mouths.

IPS BRIDGES WITHOUT METAL SUPPORT
It is obtained by compressing reinforced porcelain in special machines. It is preferred especially for the front teeth due to its very good light transmittance. It is not sufficiently resistant to chewing forces for the back region. Today, it is the most intensively used material in aesthetic dentistry applications and successful results are obtained. It gives the closest results to natural teeth.

ZIRCONIUM BASED BRIDGES WITHOUT METAL SUPPORT
In this system, zirconium alloy, a white metal, is used as the substructure instead of metal. The biggest advantage of the system is to provide a complete aesthetic appearance on the bridges in the posterior region with the very high strength it achieves. Its aesthetic success is not as high as its durability.

TOTAL (COMPLETE) PROSTHESES
If a person has lost all the teeth in his/her mouth, total-complete dentures are required. Total dentures are prostheses that help the chewing process with a slight vacuum and balance provided by the mouth in mouths without teeth. Acclimatization periods are difficult and long. Most people can use them comfortably after getting used to them.
In recent years, total dentures are no longer the only option for toothless mouths. Implants placed in the jawbone and prostheses prepared with their support now give patients the feeling of chewing with their own teeth and are therefore frequently preferred. 2 implants placed in the lower jaw reduce the movement of the prostheses and provide great comfort in the lower jaw, which is more mobile and more difficult to adapt. In toothless mouths, fixed or mobile prostheses can be made with a minimum of 2 implants in very different numbers according to the patient’s wishes and bone condition.

PARTIAL/PARTIAL PROSTHESES
It is a type of prosthesis that provides attachment to the tooth with metal parts called crochet (hook) or sensitive holder made with a combination of special acrylic and metals in partial tooth loss.

GETTING USED TO THE PROSTHESIS
It takes some time to get used to the use of the prosthesis. This takes about 2 months. Sometimes patients may need to wear their prosthesis for a certain period of time without removing it. In this way, the physician can determine where the patient is uncomfortable and make certain corrections to make the prosthesis fit more comfortably and better.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Especially after tooth extraction, gums and bone tissue tend to decrease. During the period of adaptation to the prosthesis, the soft tissues are limited in accordance with the prosthesis. Patients should see their dentist periodically, because any changes in the prosthesis or soft tissues can be advised and corrected during the examination. Irritations or infections may occur at the pressure points as a result of loss of adaptation in the prosthesis. If the prosthesis has been used for a very long time, the main material may wear out or the soft tissues may collapse and lose their compatibility with the prosthesis. Sometimes the prosthesis base may need to be renewed again as a result of the prosthesis constantly rubbing against the palate. In all these cases, the importance of physician control comes into play.

COMMON CONCERNS
As a result of technological advances, prostheses can be made to look natural. Over time, people who use prostheses develop a certain confidence because they begin to see the prosthesis as a natural part of their body and get used to it. Like anything new, the use of prostheses needs time and practice.
Under normal circumstances, patients can eat most foods, but extremely hot and sticky foods should be avoided. Patients should use both sides of the prosthesis during chewing and should not disturb the balance of the prosthesis.